Oil engine



` Aug. 1s, 1925. 1,550,570

C. H. ROMESER ETIAL OIL ENGINE Filed May 5. 1924 /7/l/l//l/-. A

INVENTOR5. ('HH/ms's/ Pant/Jae. 7km* E. UVM/65mm A TTORNEYf Patented .lxlg. 18, 192,5.

UNITED STATES i A1,550,570A vim'rel'r oFFlcE.

CHARLES H. BOMEIS-ER AND TROY R. LIVINGSTON, OF MUNCIE, INDIANA, ASSIGNOBS T0 MUNCIE OIL ENGINE CQ., OF MUNCIE, INDIANA, A CORPORATION.

on. ENGINE.

Application mea my s,

To all whom zt may concern:

Be it known that we, CHARLES H. R'o- MEISER and TROY R. LIVINGSTON, citizens of the United States,-and residents of Muncie, county of Delaware, and State of Indiana, have 'invented a certain new and useful Oil Engine, and do hereby declare that' the following is a full, clear, and exactdescription thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which like numerals refer to like parts.

This invention pertains to an oil engine of the semi-Diesel type and. has particular reference to the cylinder and igniter head with their associated parts.

The object ofthe invention is to provide anoil engine having, an igniter head soI constructed and arranged as toI eliminate the necessity of employing means for directing or deiecting the fuel charge to the ,starting plug in starting the engine, and so arrange the cooling system for th igniter head that the cooling thereof. may be varied in accordance with seasonable or climatic variation in temperature as well as the variation 'in load. This is accomplished by providing a substantially conical igniter head with the fuel nozzle positioned in the apex thereof and so arranged as to discharge the fuel spray conforming to the contour of the inner walls of the head, and the mounting about said igniter head a separate loose fitting and adjustable cooling jacket, for the purposes which will hereafter be more fully passage comprising. op ositely disposed set forthA and described;v y I Another object of the inventionifresides in the convex and concave surfaces of the cylinder head, with ge corresponding curved upper surface of e piston, as well as the peculiarly arranged passage connecting the'jwigniter head with the'fcylinder'and extending through .the cylinder head at an an le .as will-be hereinafter more specifi- "c y'setgforth 'and described. This results ...in a more ecient combustion vofthe lfuel and the-elimination of carbon. andresidue 'esultingfornpoor-combustion. y., g. O her.-fea'tu'res-V and 'advantagesiofthe inyeiitin'w'll-b'emrelfully-- set fforthfnd delseribed'inf'the following specifications andi The .full nature ,ofithis invention will be.

underjood Tt-jth accompanying draw-V iigSf-.and 't folle dscrlptlon and clams of relatively 1924. seriarno. 719,720.

Fig. 1 through the upper portion of an voil en-l gine. Fig. 2 1s a plan view ofthe cylinder fhead. Fig. 3 is a central vertical section through the cylinder head. Fig. 4 is a central vertical section through a ortion of the cylinder head, igniter head an igniter head cooling jacket showing the connection therein between for the passage of the cooling medium. Fig. 5 is a plan view looking down on theftop of the engine.

In the drawings there is Nshown an oil is a central vertical section v engine including a cylinder 10 surrounded by the Water jacket 11 and the. outer cylinder wall 12, said cylinder enclosing therein a reciprocating piston 13 havin the usual piston rings 14 and top 15 provlded with a convex surface.'

Mounted on the top of said cylinder and rigidly secured thereto in suitable fashionl the curvature ofthe piston top 15, so that 7 when the piston is at its extreme upper 'position it will be equidistant from the cyl1nder head at all points. v

The cylinder head is .provided with a fuel ports 22 and 23 connect lby an' intermedi-` ate slot 24:'. Said ports and slots are 'peculliarlyv-formed as best Ishown in Figs. 2 and 3, -t'vhereintliel ports extend diagonally in 'opposite direction to eachother and thecon# necting slot is twisted to conform thereto. This arrangement results -in the provision igniterl an cyllnder, but a veryv small directl passage. It will be observed that `the. charge of fuelwinstead ofpassing dlrectlydownwardly through the connecting orts largepassage ways between the r must impinge against the wallsthereo and become transformed' by. the intense heat and highfpressure into a 4c m'.\bustible charge.

.Thffprevents to a large degree the free passage of raw fuel into the cylinder with-the`vl consequent formation of carbon and residue on thejwalls thereof as well as on the top o .the piston.

The igniter head 25 is cone shaped, havfingv angular flanges 26 at the base thereof be highly heatedin any suitable manner.

Surrounding the igniter head and formed separately therefrom there is a loose fitting hood 30 enclosing the water jacket space 31, said space being connected to the water jacket ofthe cylinder head by the water pipe 32.' An outwardl extending flange 33 is formed by the lower portion of the'` hood 30 and is connected theretoy by the studs 34 mounted on the angular flange 26 of the igniter head and extending. upwardly through the flange 33 of th'e hood. Said hood may be adjusted in position with respect to the igniter head by the adjusting' nuts 35 which are screwed onto said stud below and above flange 33. Said nuts will permit the adjustment of hood to a position in contact with or spaced from the outer 'surface of the igniter head.

The piston secures its impulse from the combustion of the fuel charge injected by the nozzle 28 into the conical injection cham.- ber of the igniter head 25, which charge passes through the lpeculiarly formed combustion orificesf 22 and 23 and their connecting slot 24 to the cylinder 10. When the piston is `on forward stroke a supply of air is admitted into the cylinder, and

' on return stroke this air is compressed withso h fuel spray which will be ignited thereby in the cylinder by the piston and forced within the injection chamber and combus tion orifices 22 and 23, as well as the'small clearance space between the curved top of the piston and the correspondingly curved upper surface of the cylinder head. It will be observed that by reason of the correspondingly curved surfaces of the 'top of the piston and cylinder head that there will be a closer confinement of the 'charge of air for combustion, 'and the concentration thereof toward the center and into the combustion orifices and injection chamber. The fuel is injected by a suitable mechanically operated fuel pump, the duration of injection and the amount of fuel injected being automatically controlled according to the existing-load by means of a governor not shown herein. The fuelinjection is ve rap1d and occurs at practically the instant highest compression. .Before starting, external heat is applied to the igniter head 25 by any suitable means, said heated igniter ead being engaged by a portion of the alded by the heat of compression. By reason of the conical. formation of the igniter khead it is not necessary to employ a deiector of any kind or any other arrangetherewith, that portion following along the wall in which the plug 29 is ignited with contact therewith, and an vadditional portionthereof will be deflected bythe curved surface of the cylinder head which will also be directed against said plug. Since the shape of the spray is itself like a cone and spreads evenly throughout the injection chamber it will give a better and more thoroughly and uniformly mixed charge of air.'

Although the combustion orifice is in direct pathway of the fuel spray, yet by reason of its peculiar arrangement very little of the fuel passes entirely therethrough be'- fore combustion takes place. Since the walls of the passageway obstruct theiow,

and only gaseous fuel remains to pass through, since any fuel vapor spray or mist will be impinged on the wall of thepassageway. This prevents the ready passage of the fuel through the opening into the cylinder where certain portions would otherwise be deflected or splashed against the relatively cool walls ofthe cylinder pre-` venting proper combustion thereof. -Consequently the usual carbon formation on the walls of the cylinder and the clogging of the piston rings thereby, as well as scored .cylinderand piston surfaces and contamination of the lubricating oil is avoided. A further function of the oppositely and`A diagonally directed orifices, 'is to give the charge passing therethrough a twirling motion such 'as to produce a turbulent effect of the gas for more uniformly mixing and spreading it in the lcombustion chamber.

The water jacket hood 30 may be adjusted to suit seasonable or climatic conditions by varying the position of the nuts 35. Obviously by increasing the space between the hood and the igniter head a greater amount ofl heat may be maintained by the head, whereas on the other hand, by bringing them -closer together or in contact, more heat will be carried away from the igniter head by the cooling medium.

Furthermore the cooling of the head will be automatic to the extent that upon its being expanded to a high degree of heat it lwill be brought into closer contact with the water cooling jacket whereby excess.

heat will be carried away, and on the other hand whereit is contracted by reason of its being relatively cool, it will be s aced further from the hood so as to maintam its accumulated heat.. This is important in obtaining -maximum efficiency, particularly with light loads. From the foregoing it will be observed that by reason of the design of the igniter head, the method of properly cooling the same, the arrangement of the curved surfaces of the cylinder head, 'topA of the piston, and passageway fthrough the cylinder head at the point of combustion, substantial advantages, as above mentioned, are obtained.

The shape of the piston is of further benefit in confining the compressed charge of air 'iwithin close limits, and dispelling through of such residue on the head of the piston and the cylinder walls. v

`The invention claimed is:

. lfIn an oil engine, the combination with a cylinder,- a piston Areciprocable therein and a cylinder head, of a cone shaped igniter head having a base thereon connected with the cylinder head, a fuel nozzle extending downwardly through the apex thereof,and a water jacket formed separately from said head and 'mounted with respect thereto so as to be capable of adjustment toward and away from the external surface thereof.

2. In an'oil engine, the combination with a cylinder, a plston reciprocable therein and a cylinder head, of a cone shaped igniter headhaving a base thereon connected with the cylinder head, a fuel nozzle extending downwardly through the apex thereof,

a water jacket formed separately and independently of said head -and corresponding to the shape thereof so as to be capable of surrounding the 'eater portion of the outer surface thereo in equi-spaced relation, and means for adjustably supporting said jacket with respect to said head for varying the space relation between.

3.mIn an oil engine, the combination of a cylinder, a piston reciprocably mounted therein, and an igniter head therefor hav-I ing an injection nozzle, of a cylinder head having a pair of oppositely inclined orifices therein, said orifices being connected by a twisted slot forpreventing the free and direct passage of fuel from said igniter head to the cylinder. f

4. In an oil engineLa cylinder, a piston having a convex top reciprocably mounted therein, a cylinder head mounted on said cylinder and having a concave under surface of substantially the same radius of curvature as the top of said piston, said cylinder head being provided on the top thereof with a concave curved surface, said concave surfaces being connectedwith angularly directed oriiices oppositely disposed to each other, a conical igniter head mounted on said cyinder head so that the lower portion thereof embraces the concave surface of said head, a hood for said igniter head, and

4means for adjustably'mounting said hood on said head for varying the' cooling effect thereof, substantially as and for the purpose described.

5. In an oil engine, a cylinder, a piston` having a convex topreciprocably mounted therein, a cylinder head mounted on said cylinder and having a concave under surface of substantially the same radiusv of curvature as the top of said piston, said cylinder head being provided on the top thereof with a concaye curved surface, said concave surfaces being connected with angularly connected orifices oppositely disposed to each' other, said orifices being connected by a twisted slot substantially in the center of said surfaces, a conical igniter head mounted on said cylinder head so that the lowerportion thereof embraces the concave surface of said head, a' hood for said igniter head, and means for adjustably mounting said hood on said head for varying. the cooling effect thereof, substantially 'as and for the purpose described. In witness whereof, xed our signatures.

'CHARLES H. RoMEIsER. TROY R. LIVINGSTON.

we have hereunto af- 

